[The relationship between cognitive impairment and localization of white matter lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Sviaz' kognitivnykh narushenii s lokalizatsiei ochagov porazheniia belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga u bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

Objective. To study a role of parenchymal white matter lesions and lesions of the white matter underlying the cortical grey matter in cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Material and methods. We examined 33 patients with clinically definite RRMS in clinical remission. Cognitive performance was assessed with neuropsychological and psychometric tests. MRI (1.5 tesla) was used to assess volume and localization of focal demyelination in the cerebral cortex. Results. The volume of juxtacortical brain lesions in the white matter had a negative effect on the correct performance on neuropsychological tests. The volume of parenchymal white matter lesions had a negative effect on the speed of task performance. Conclusion. The results suggest that MS patients had multiple cognitive impairments.

[Neuroimmunology: theoretical and clinical aspects].

The aspects of neuroimmune interactions (during cerebral ischemia and stroke--experimental and clinical data, demyelinating process in patients with multiple sclerosis,secondary immunodeficiency) are discussed in this article. Literature overview and authors' experience are presented as well.

[Symptoms of circadian desynchronization in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Circadian rhythm of sleep-wakefulness and evacuation function of intestines, symptoms of neuropsychic adaptation were investigated in 36 patients, aged 21-53 years, with multiple sclerosis (MS). Frequencies of circadian rhythm disturbances of brain activity (insomnia in 66% of patients) and circadian rhythm disturbances of intestine evacuation (constipation in 72% of patients) were revealed. Insomnia and irritability in MS patients with bradyenteria occur 1.5 times more frequent than in patients with normal regulative activity of the bowels. The risk of anxiety and depression in MS patients with bradyenteria was 2-3 times higher than in patients with euenteria. The suitability of normalization of circadian desynchronization of MS patients by the restoration of optimal acrophases of circadian rhythms of the brain and bowels is established.

[Ethical aspects of clinical trials in patients with multiple sclerosis].

The ethical aspects of clinical trials are reviewed. Clinical trials in the Russian Federation must be conducted in accordance with the Good Clinical Practice, guiding principles of the Helsinki Declaration and Russian laws. The article includes information concerning principles of patient's informed consent, regulatory requirements and guidelines for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.

[Myelopid correction of immune deficiency in staffers exposed to lead materials at work]. / Korretktsiia mielopidom immunodefitsita u sotrudnikov promyshlennogo predpriiatiia, rabotaiushchikh so svinetssoderzhashchimi materialami.

Authors demonstrated that immune dysfunction of chronic lead intoxication is manifested in low number and changed subpopulations of immune cells, in alterations of spontaneous lymphocytes proliferation. "Myelopid" corrects the symptoms of immune dysfunction.